{"id":22413,"date":"2025-05-07T10:17:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T02:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/?p=22413"},"modified":"2025-05-07T10:32:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T02:32:52","slug":"sharpening-the-brain-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/en\/2025\/05\/07\/sharpening-the-brain-study\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Academic\u3011NTNU\u2019s \u201cSharpening the Brain\u201d Study Published in Leading International Psychology Journal: Groundbreaking Evidence on the Benefits of a Single Bout of Exercise"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"22413\" class=\"elementor elementor-22413\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab95e65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab95e65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff2fdd2\" data-id=\"ff2fdd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5850615 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5850615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ORIGINAL ARTICLE\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/pr.ntnu.edu.tw\/news\/index.php?mode=data&amp;id=23253\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u672c\u6821\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a><\/p><p>Want to boost your brain&#8217;s cognitive function? Just one single workout might do the trick! Professor <strong data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"367\">Yu-Kai Chang<\/strong> from the <strong data-start=\"377\" data-end=\"476\">Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)<\/strong>, along with Professor <strong data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"518\">Jennifer Etnier<\/strong> from the <strong data-start=\"528\" data-end=\"607\">Department of Kinesiology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro<\/strong>, recently published a groundbreaking study in <em data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"678\">Psychological Bulletin<\/em>\u2014providing integrated, pioneering evidence on the cognitive benefits of a <strong data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"782\">single session of exercise<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"1026\"><em data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"809\">Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, founded in 1904, is one of the earliest academic journals in psychology. It is the <strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"914\">flagship journal<\/strong> of the American Psychological Association and is considered a top-tier publication in the field of psychology worldwide.<\/p><p data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1470\">NTNU held a press conference on March 4th to announce this academic achievement. The event was hosted by Vice President <strong data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1163\">Yao-Ting Sung<\/strong>, with <strong data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1219\">Research and Development Director Ying-Ru Hsu<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1281\">Dean of the College of Sports and Recreation Ho-Sen Wang<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1358\">Director of the Center for Social-Emotional Development Hsueh-Chih Chen<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1388\">Professor Tsung-Min Hung<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1420\">Professor Yu-Kai Chang<\/strong> (who is also department chair) all in attendance.<\/p><p data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1832\">As early as 2012, Professor Chang\u2019s team published a meta-analysis in <em data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"1558\">Brain Research<\/em> that integrated 79 independent studies, revealing that even <strong data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1682\">a single session of exercise can improve cognitive function<\/strong>. That study has since been cited over 2,400 times and was included in the <strong data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1831\">U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report<\/strong>.<\/p><p>However, with the increasing number, quality, and methodology of recent studies, there was a need to update and integrate existing evidence. Thus, Professor Chang collaborated with an international team to revisit the topic\u2014this time using an advanced <strong data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2096\">umbrella review<\/strong> (also known as a <strong data-start=\"2114\" data-end=\"2129\">meta-review<\/strong>), summarizing <strong data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2164\">30 meta-analyses<\/strong> covering <strong data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2201\">383 independent studies,<\/strong> and <strong>18,347 participants were involved<\/strong>. This makes it the <strong data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2303\">largest and most comprehensive synthesis<\/strong> on this topic to date.<\/p><p data-start=\"2328\" data-end=\"2621\">The study found that even a single bout of exercise produces <strong data-start=\"2389\" data-end=\"2423\">significant cognitive benefits<\/strong>. Not only does it validate the findings from 2012, but it also provides <strong data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2517\">subgroup analyses<\/strong> exploring the effects on different cognitive domains, participant backgrounds, and exercise parameters.<\/p><p><strong>Cognitive Function:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2945\"><li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2849\">Greatest benefits were observed in <strong data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2721\">attention<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2748\">executive function<\/strong> (higher-order cognition), with additional positive effects on <strong data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2821\">memory<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2826\" data-end=\"2846\">processing speed<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"2850\" data-end=\"2945\">Exercise conducted <strong data-start=\"2871\" data-end=\"2880\">after<\/strong> the session had more pronounced effects than during the session.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"2979\"><strong data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"2977\">Participant Background:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3129\"><li data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3129\">Benefits ranged from <strong data-start=\"3003\" data-end=\"3024\">small to moderate<\/strong> across all ages and <strong data-start=\"3045\" data-end=\"3086\">regardless of cognitive health status<\/strong> (whether healthy or clinical populations).<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"3131\" data-end=\"3160\"><strong data-start=\"3131\" data-end=\"3158\">Exercise Parameters:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3646\"><li data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3325\">The most effective types were <strong data-start=\"3193\" data-end=\"3216\">mixed-mode exercise<\/strong> (e.g., aerobic combined with resistance training or yoga) and <strong data-start=\"3279\" data-end=\"3322\">high-intensity interval training (HIIT)<\/strong>.<\/li><li data-start=\"3326\" data-end=\"3384\"><strong data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3348\">Aerobic exercise<\/strong> also showed significant benefits.<\/li><li data-start=\"3385\" data-end=\"3558\">In terms of intensity, <strong data-start=\"3410\" data-end=\"3430\">moderate-to-high<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"3434\" data-end=\"3456\">moderate intensity<\/strong> yielded the strongest effects, though even <strong data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3519\">high-to-maximal<\/strong> intensity exercises were beneficial.<\/li><li data-start=\"3559\" data-end=\"3646\">Both sessions <strong data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3604\">under and over 20 minutes<\/strong> were found to enhance cognitive function.<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3688\">How does exercise enhance cognition?<\/h3><p data-start=\"3690\" data-end=\"4170\">In a 2022 meta-analysis published in the <em data-start=\"3731\" data-end=\"3786\">International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology<\/em>, Professor Chang\u2019s team offered a possible explanation. After just one exercise session, increased <strong data-start=\"3886\" data-end=\"3912\">P3 brainwave amplitude<\/strong> and reduced <strong data-start=\"3925\" data-end=\"3939\">P3 latency<\/strong> were observed\u2014indicating greater attention resource allocation and faster information processing during cognitive tasks. These changes in brain function may represent the <strong data-start=\"4111\" data-end=\"4132\">neural mechanisms<\/strong> behind exercise\u2019s cognitive benefits.<\/p><p>Professor Chang\u2019s team emphasizes the importance of <strong data-start=\"4253\" data-end=\"4280\">single-session workouts<\/strong> for boosting cognitive performance. They recommend aiming for <strong data-start=\"4343\" data-end=\"4366\">mixed-type exercise<\/strong>, at <strong data-start=\"4371\" data-end=\"4401\">moderate to high intensity<\/strong>, and ideally for <strong data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4433\">20 minutes<\/strong> per session.<\/p><ul data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4805\"><li data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4551\"><strong data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4482\">Students preparing for exams<\/strong>: Take exercise breaks to enhance attention and executive function.<\/li><li data-start=\"4552\" data-end=\"4656\"><strong data-start=\"4554\" data-end=\"4576\">Busy professionals<\/strong>: A 20-minute jog during lunch can improve processing speed and focus at work.<\/li><li data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4805\"><strong data-start=\"4659\" data-end=\"4675\">Older adults<\/strong>: Engaging in mixed-mode exercise may help boost memory, reduce dementia risk, and improve independent living and quality of life.<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"4807\" data-end=\"4922\">Let\u2019s make the most of our time by building the habit of daily exercise\u2014embracing a <strong data-start=\"4891\" data-end=\"4921\">smarter and healthier life<\/strong>!<\/p><p data-start=\"4924\" data-end=\"5033\"><em data-start=\"4924\" data-end=\"5033\">(Source: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences \/ Photos: Shih Chang \/ Edited by: Shih-Tse Hu \/ English Version Powered by ChatGPT, Edited by Serena H.)<\/em><\/p><p data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1470\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a76d5bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a76d5bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eeab6cb\" data-id=\"eeab6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7fe8ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7fe8ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9efe225\" data-id=\"9efe225\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc150b5 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"cc150b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1997\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20581\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401.jpg 1997w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030401-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1997px) 100vw, 1997px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u8207\u6703\u5e2b\u9577\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u9662\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u7dd2\u767c\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9673\u5b78\u5fd7\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55\u8655\u8a31\u745b\u73bf\u7814\u767c\u9577\u3001\u5b8b\u66dc\u5ef7\u526f\u6821\u9577\u3001\u5f35\u80b2\u6137\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u517c\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u4f11\u9592\u5b78\u9662\u738b\u9db4\u68ee\u9662\u9577\u3001\u9ad4\u80b2\u8207\u904b\u52d5\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u6d2a\u8070\u654f\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571986c elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"571986c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1997\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20583\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403.jpg 1997w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030403-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1997px) 100vw, 1997px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u5f35\u80b2\u6137\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u5206\u4eab\u55ae\u6b21\u5065\u8eab\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u5927\u8166\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a1e2c0 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"6a1e2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1997\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20585\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405.jpg 1997w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030405-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1997px) 100vw, 1997px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u516b\u5366\u5c0e\u5f15\u904b\u52d5\u5c55\u6f14\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-671a6b5 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"671a6b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20587\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030407-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef4d9fd\" data-id=\"ef4d9fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1933047 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"1933047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1997\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030402.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20582\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030402.jpg 1997w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030402-300x200.jpg 300w, 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elementor-element-0639344 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"0639344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1997\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20584\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404.jpg 1997w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030404-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1997px) 100vw, 1997px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u516b\u5366\u5c0e\u5f15\u904b\u52d5\u5c55\u6f14\u3002<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f9f83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"69f9f83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b34cda elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"7b34cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20586\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030406-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ef6bc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ef6bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90a4344 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"90a4344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20588\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A4030408-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddc2212 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddc2212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><hr \/><p>REFERENCE:<\/p><p>Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., &amp; Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87\u2013101.<\/p><p>Kao, S. C., Chen, F. T., Moreau, D., Drollette, E. S., Amireault, S., Chu, C. H., &amp; Chang, Y. K. (2022). Acute effects of exercise engagement on neurocognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis on P3 amplitude and latency. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication.<\/p><p>Chang, Y. K., Ren, F. F., Li, R. H., Ai, J. Y., Kao, S. C., &amp; Etnier, J. L. (2025). Synthesizing the effects of acute exercise on cognitive function: A meta-review of 30 systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin. Advance online publication.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ORIGINAL ARTICLE\uff1a\u672c\u6821\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u5fc3 Want to boost your brain&#038;#821 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[137,204,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-en3","category-emi-program-en","category-news-en","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22413"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22454,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22413\/revisions\/22454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.csr.ntnu.edu.tw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}